Remix, recombination, patchwork, recycling, rewriting, montage, recomposition.

The recombination of materials is a practice which in the plastic arts has traditionally been associated with the collage, above all in regards to fixed images, painting or photography. In regards to the digital realm, however, upon including the temporal element, this practice is much more linked to the notion of cinematographic montage as pioneered by Sergéi Eisenstein. To him montage was “an idea which arises from the dialectic collision between two entities independent of each other.” Couldn´t we envision as a kind of montage the remix of what browsers produce as they provide us with a constant mix of text, images and sounds on our screens?
The digital realm, in addition, not only incorporates lineal time - which in cinema is the stage on which that collision of meanings takes place - but also simultaneousness and the juxtaposition of potentially infinite times and spaces as the viewer has an endless range of choices to make at any given moment.

If the general public’s channel surfing has led to a kind of experimental montage creation thanks to the power of the remote control, today the television screen has exploded, now offering multiple viewing possibilities. Today screens connect us via the Internet to infinite elements of content which are remote and distant from each other, not only spatially but in meaning, generating with each click that "dialectic collision" of which Eisenstein spoke, now in potentially infinite directions.

Amy Alexander
Multi-Cultural Recycler
http://recycler.plagiarist.org/
Website
1996

Started at the time when web cameras began to proliferate worldwide, the Multi-Cultural Recycler invites the public to take part in a voyeurism which is no longer merely passive or limited to the simple exercise of watching: it is geared towards intervention, and the mixing and remixing of the material that these remote surveillance cameras send to her computer. Selecting two or three cameras at random or choosing mixes made previously by another user, the Recycler embarks on a digital processing of the images in order to offer us a final result.
This project allows us to observe a double recycling effect: one caused by the use of the cameras (which lose their surveillance function), and another related to the meaning of the image (which loses its documentary function). It is in this strange limbo produced by the random remix of geographical locations that people unknown to each other still share a destiny in cyberspace in which they collide, superimpose, and remain frozen in time.

Igor Stromajer
re:volution
http://www.intima.org/revolution/
Online project
1997

Characterised by aesthetics which evoke a post-Cold War era in which the side-effects of that war continue to be present on the Internet, re:volution offers itself to us as a machine, a platform for the public to use to comfortably drive the revolution. This is a revolution which, according to the words of our guide, a child named GTA (Great Teacher and Astronaut), has still not been successful, and for which we must keep fighting, armed with out powerful new weapon of war: e-mail.
The project is full of media and consumer icons, political icons from a nostalgic modern era today transformed into clip art, which circulate like devalued information on the Internet. The re-combination of these materials seems to reveal the decadence of power to us: far from those grand speeches and monumental events, they are reduced to tiny 8-bit files.

Ricardo Barreto and Paula Perissinotto
Cyberdance
http://www.satmundi.net/satmundi/dool/a.htm
Online project
1999

This work by Ricardo Barreto and Paula Perissinotto offers us a split, fragmented, impossible dance in a divided, multiplied space. Cyberdance consists in the combination and re-combination of elements which represent the different parts of the human body. A mannequin was photographed as a model in different positions. These images were later converted into animated form, allowing the users to combine them in different ways, as well as link them to the different dance terms, the names of the postures and classical ballet positions. On a page divided into frames containing fragments of the mannequin, we can see her head, legs, torso and arms revolve, while simultaneously allowing us to subdivide each frame by clicking on it, each frame composing an aberrant doll whose fragments dance, silently, independent of each other. There is no music or rhythm, neither is there any space. It is a digital dance, a dance in which time and space have been transformed into a platform.

Stanza
Genomixer Version 097
http://www.genomixer.com/genomixer/genomixerb.htm
Online project
2003

This version belongs to the Genomixer series in which the artist’s own decoded DNA information was re-combined and converted into images and sounds, as well as simultaneously forming generative code algorithms, a method which the artist then used to create different works.
In this piece in particular, Stanza presents us with a self-portrait in which we can imagine the DNA chains dissolving and becoming tonal series or chains. We can also imagine how, when we interact with the screen, we are recombining and manipulating this information in terms of both sounds and genetics as it seeps into us, unnoticed. The artist, transformed into information, sound, manipulated by our own hands, penetrates and seeps inside through our hearing.

Daniel Jacoby
Excerpt from President Hugo Chavez’s speech, on December 3rd, 2007, in alphabetical order
http://www.danieljacoby.com/?p=56
Video
2007

This video by Daniel Jacoby has been created using the first ten minutes of a speech by Hugo Chávez as its base. The speech has been split into sections, word by word, and rearranged in alphabetical order.
This process of altering the order – or should we say substituting one order for another – allows us to rediscover the part over the whole, the word over the message, the gesture over the speech’s intention. All ordering can be considered arbitrary, and all discourse can be revised, analysed and dissected until it has lost all meaning. Or at least, until its meaning has been radically changed. By obsessively applying an analytical and objective method, Jacoby makes us participants in this experiment – which could succeed or fail – in understanding the very nature of communication.

Daniel Jacoby
Times New Roman characters in order of occupied area
http://www.danieljacoby.com/?p=63
Video
2008

As in his work Excerpt from President Hugo Chavez’s speech, Jacoby creates a tension between two methods of ordering, and presents us with a new vision corresponding to the results obtained from this reordering. In this case, he takes all the characters from the Time New Roman font, and orders them according to the space occupied by each one.

While in the work based on Chávez’s speech the reordering process led to a loss of meaning, in this case we could say that the ordering by size and the lack of meaning provided by an alphabetical order, presents the viewer with at least one possible interpretation. Tension grows as the symbols, at first small, gradually fill the screen. This is a narrative in which the letters have lost their function, becoming images. They have been transformed into images which no longer serve to form words. They are letters which do not know how to read or write: waiting in line, ordered from tallest to smallest, they are like pupils in a school.

Darren Solomon
Bb 2.0
http://www.inbflat.net/
Website
2009

Bb 2.0 allows us to simultaneously experience the roles of both listener and director. We are presented with a grid of videos uploaded to YouTube which we can play, raising or lowering the volume as desired. Solomon asked the users of his blog to record the videos used, defining certain parameters such as the use of the key B flat major, leaving long silences between phrases, and during the recording itself listening to a mix which the artist had composed.
The cursor arrow is converted into an orchestra conductor with which we can activate or silence the musicians, who are trapped in their 220 x 180 pixel cubicles and must immediately obey our every demand. In contrast, the music produced reaches out beyond the page and the computer, intermingling and hypnotizing us, as if we no longer had control, as if the musicians were breaking free of our whims.

Lucas Bambozzi
YouTAG
http://www.youtag.org/
Website
2009

Increasingly, keywords seem to want to govern and organize our daily lives. They have become a kind of language without grammar, without modalization, dissonance, or doubt. They are isolated names which describe our environment, ourselves. YouTag offers us a device which, using the tags which describe the videos uploaded to YouTube as a starting point, allow us to suggest two words and generate a remix which superimposes the resulting videos.
The mix of words becomes a war of meanings, and the video space is transformed into a battleground where no one meaning will triumph.